卷积神经网络各层反向传播公式推导
- 前向传播
输入层:
隐藏层:
第二层
第三层:
输出层:
2.反向传播
反向传播算法
参考http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap2.html
def conv_forward(X, W, b, stride=1, padding=1):
cache = W, b, stride, padding
n_filters, d_filter, h_filter, w_filter = W.shape
n_x, d_x, h_x, w_x = X.shape
h_out = (h_x - h_filter + 2 * padding) / stride + 1
w_out = (w_x - w_filter + 2 * padding) / stride + 1
if not h_out.is_integer() or not w_out.is_integer():
raise Exception('Invalid output dimension!')
h_out, w_out = int(h_out), int(w_out)
X_col = im2col_indices(X, h_filter, w_filter, padding=padding, stride=stride)
W_col = W.reshape(n_filters, -1)
out = W_col @ X_col + b
out = out.reshape(n_filters, h_out, w_out, n_x)
out = out.transpose(3, 0, 1, 2)
cache = (X, W, b, stride, padding, X_col)
return out, cache
def conv_backward(dout, cache):
X, W, b, stride, padding, X_col = cache
n_filter, d_filter, h_filter, w_filter = W.shape
db = np.sum(dout, axis=(0, 2, 3))
db = db.reshape(n_filter, -1)
dout_reshaped = dout.transpose(1, 2, 3, 0).reshape(n_filter, -1)
dW = dout_reshaped @ X_col.T
dW = dW.reshape(W.shape)
W_reshape = W.reshape(n_filter, -1)
dX_col = W_reshape.T @ dout_reshaped
dX = col2im_indices(dX_col, X.shape, h_filter, w_filter, padding=padding, stride=stride)
return dX, dW, db
```python
def sigmoid_forward(X):
out = util.sigmoid(X)
cache = out
return out, cache
def sigmoid_backward(dout, cache):
return cache * (1. - cache) * dout
def relu_forward(X):
out = np.maximum(X, 0)
cache = X
return out, cache
def relu_backward(dout, cache):
dX = dout.copy()
dX[cache <= 0] = 0
return dX
def lrelu_forward(X, a=1e-3):
out = np.maximum(a * X, X)
cache = (X, a)
return out, cache
def lrelu_backward(dout, cache):
X, a = cache
dX = dout.copy()
dX[X < 0] *= a
return dX
def tanh_forward(X):
out = np.tanh(X)
cache = out
return out, cache
def tanh_backward(dout, cache):
dX = (1 - cache**2) * dout
return dX
```
def dropout_forward(X, p_dropout):
u = np.random.binomial(1, p_dropout, size=X.shape) / p_dropout
out = X * u
cache = u
return out, cache
def dropout_backward(dout, cache):
dX = dout * cache
return dX
def bn_forward(X, gamma, beta, cache, momentum=.9, train=True):
running_mean, running_var = cache
if train:
mu = np.mean(X, axis=0)
var = np.var(X, axis=0)
X_norm = (X - mu) / np.sqrt(var + c.eps)
out = gamma * X_norm + beta
cache = (X, X_norm, mu, var, gamma, beta)
running_mean = util.exp_running_avg(running_mean, mu, momentum)
running_var = util.exp_running_avg(running_var, var, momentum)
else:
X_norm = (X - running_mean) / np.sqrt(running_var + c.eps)
out = gamma * X_norm + beta
cache = None
return out, cache, running_mean, running_var
def bn_backward(dout, cache):
X, X_norm, mu, var, gamma, beta = cache
N, D = X.shape
X_mu = X - mu
std_inv = 1. / np.sqrt(var + c.eps)
dX_norm = dout * gamma
dvar = np.sum(dX_norm * X_mu, axis=0) * -.5 * std_inv**3
dmu = np.sum(dX_norm * -std_inv, axis=0) + dvar * np.mean(-2. * X_mu, axis=0)
dX = (dX_norm * std_inv) + (dvar * 2 * X_mu / N) + (dmu / N)
dgamma = np.sum(dout * X_norm, axis=0)
dbeta = np.sum(dout, axis=0)
return dX, dgamma, dbeta
def fc_forward(X, W, b):
out = X @ W + b
cache = (W, X)
return out, cache
def fc_backward(dout, cache):
W, h = cache
dW = h.T @ dout
db = np.sum(dout, axis=0)
dX = dout @ W.T
return dX, dW, db
def maxpool_forward(X, size=2, stride=2):
def maxpool(X_col):
max_idx = np.argmax(X_col, axis=0)
out = X_col[max_idx, range(max_idx.size)]
return out, max_idx
return _pool_forward(X, maxpool, size, stride)
def maxpool_backward(dout, cache):
def dmaxpool(dX_col, dout_col, pool_cache):
dX_col[pool_cache, range(dout_col.size)] = dout_col
return dX_col
return _pool_backward(dout, dmaxpool, cache)
def avgpool_forward(X, size=2, stride=2):
def avgpool(X_col):
out = np.mean(X_col, axis=0)
cache = None
return out, cache
return _pool_forward(X, avgpool, size, stride)
def avgpool_backward(dout, cache):
def davgpool(dX_col, dout_col, pool_cache):
dX_col[:, range(dout_col.size)] = 1. / dX_col.shape[0] * dout_col
return dX_col
return _pool_backward(dout, davgpool, cache)
def _pool_forward(X, pool_fun, size=2, stride=2):
n, d, h, w = X.shape
h_out = (h - size) / stride + 1
w_out = (w - size) / stride + 1
if not w_out.is_integer() or not h_out.is_integer():
raise Exception('Invalid output dimension!')
h_out, w_out = int(h_out), int(w_out)
X_reshaped = X.reshape(n * d, 1, h, w)
X_col = im2col_indices(X_reshaped, size, size, padding=0, stride=stride)
out, pool_cache = pool_fun(X_col)
out = out.reshape(h_out, w_out, n, d)
out = out.transpose(2, 3, 0, 1)
cache = (X, size, stride, X_col, pool_cache)
return out, cache
def _pool_backward(dout, dpool_fun, cache):
X, size, stride, X_col, pool_cache = cache
n, d, w, h = X.shape
dX_col = np.zeros_like(X_col)
dout_col = dout.transpose(2, 3, 0, 1).ravel()
dX = dpool_fun(dX_col, dout_col, pool_cache)
dX = col2im_indices(dX_col, (n * d, 1, h, w), size, size, padding=0, stride=stride)
dX = dX.reshape(X.shape)
return dX